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@ -179,11 +179,27 @@ carries higher hardware costs (sensors, processing power).
FOC provides faster response times and better load disturbance rejection \cite{jomsa-nga_torque_2024}. FOC provides faster response times and better load disturbance rejection \cite{jomsa-nga_torque_2024}.
\section{Research gap} \section{Research Gap}
Despite this progress, limited research has examined the adaptation of open-source motor controllers to LowTech and
repairability constraints. To date, researchers have not addressed the challenge of designing a controller that can The literature presented in the previous sections shows that significant work has been carried out on BLDC
be locally fabricated, repaired with standard components, and secured against unauthorised wireless access requirements motor control strategies, especially for torque ripple reduction, efficiency improvement, and dynamic performance
that are critical for decentralised, community-operated fleets. optimisation. Open-source projects such as VESC also provide high-performance and flexible solutions for electric
mobility systems.
However, most existing works mainly focus on control performance and do not consider low-tech constraints such as
local manufacturing, hardware repairability, or component accessibility. In many existing controllers, the hardware
design remains difficult to reproduce or repair without specialized equipment or advanced electronic knowledge.
In addition, the integration of wireless communication introduces new security concerns. While BLE connectivity
simplifies configuration and monitoring, unauthorized access to controller parameters could create safety risks,
especially for electric cargo bikes operating in public spaces.
To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no open-source motor controller that simultaneously addresses
high-performance control, local manufacturability, repairability, and BLE security for decentralized cargo bike
applications.
This project therefore aims to explore a modular and repair-oriented motor controller architecture compatible
with VESC while remaining adapted to the constraints of the Manufacture Autonome Décentralisée (MAD).
\section{Aim and Research Objectives} \section{Aim and Research Objectives}